Auf Trezor habe ich meinen Pin, meine Seed Phrase und meine Passphrase … aber was ist mein privater Schlüssel?
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Mir wurde beigebracht, dass mein öffentlicher Schlüssel wie meine E-Mail-Adresse ist, d. h. ich kann ihn mit anderen teilen, damit sie mir Sachen schicken können. Und dass mein öffentlicher Schlüssel mein Passwort ist, d. h. ich sollte ihn nicht weitergeben, da er anderen Zugang zu meinem Konto verschafft.
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Aber was hat der private Schlüssel mit einer kalten Geldbörse wie Trezor zu tun? Er scheint sich von den 3 Dingen zu unterscheiden, die mir bekannt sind: Pin, Seed-Phrase und Passphrase.
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NOTE: This explanation is simplified because you usually do not need to know the ultra fine details. If you want to, feel free to research as deeply as you want.
A private key is basically just a number between 1 and 2^256. It is the key to unlock your space on the blockchain and access your coins.
Seed words are that private key made into an easy to use interface. So for all intents and purposes, private key = seed words.
PIN is the set of numbers that you use to access your Trezor. Once entered the Trezor can access the blockchain space used by the above referenced seed words/private key.
Passphrase – this is the big one. It has caused a lot of problems but also solved a lot of problems. It is a special lock created by you alone. It can be as simple or as complex as you like. You can even opt to not use it at all. Attributes of your passphrase (if you decide to use one):
1. Case sensitive. So ‘bitcoins rocks’ is different that ‘bitCoin rocks’
2. Spaces and special characters are allowed.
3. **IF FORGOTTEN OR LOST IT CANNOT BE RECOVERED IN ANY WAY**. You will LOSE ALL COINS that are associated with it.
4. You can have as many or as few as you want (even zero).
5. Each one opens a new secret location where you store as many or as few coins as you want (even zero).
6. If you forget it, you HAVE to remember it and enter it correctly to get your coins back. Period.
7. If your passphrase is ‘bitcoinrocks’ and you type in ‘bitcoin rocks’, it WILL NOT say ‘Incorrect Passphrase’. It will open the space associated with the incorrect phrase and nothing will be there. This is by design.
8. It can be a great way to hide your coins in the event of a $5 wrench attack. Tell them your PIN. They open it up and steal the 0.3 BTC you have and walk away laughing. After they leave you put in your PIN, type in your passphrase and chuckle that they never saw the 3.2 BTC you have in the secret space protected by the passphrase.
9. BUT if you then forget your passphrase, you are 100% fucked. You will see the 3.2 BTC on the blockchain but never ever ever be able to access it until and unless you type in the EXACT correct passphrase. So if you die, you better have that correct phrase somewhere so your loved ones can get your coins.
10. 100% optional. You do not have to use it if you do not trust that you will be able to always recall it or that your loved one will be able to come up with it if you die or are incapacitated. -
When using Trezor, the private and public keys are _implementation details_. Asking about them is sort of like asking how a CPU relates to Reddit: there _are_ CPUs involved, but you are several layers removed from them.
Your seed is _not_ a private key (both the other answers are wrong), but it is kind of the closest thing. A much better term is a **secret**. Trezor can regenerate all your actual private keys (and there are in fact lots of them under the hood) from this secret plus a passphrase.
Your _addresses_ are the closest thing to public keys. Each address is a thing that you can safely reveal if you so choose. Behind the scenes, Trezor keeps them associated with keys.
(To be precise: every address is described by a _derivation path_. Combine your seed, passphrase (if any) and the derivation path and you get a public/private key pair. You can use the public key to derive the address that you give out. And you can use the private key to sign transactions for that address.)
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Using different words:
* your **seed** is the main secret
* your **PIN** is to seed as a password is to a password-protected pdf. You need it to decrypt the seed to start working with it.
* your **passphrase** is an additional secretJust like the vaults in heist movies, you need two people to turn two “keys” at the same time. One of the “keys” is the passphrase, and it’s always carried by the boss on their person. (This is a thing you keep only in your memory.) The other “key” is stored in the CEO’s personal safebox (encrypted), and you need to know the combination (PIN) to get it out.
The private/public keys are _contents of the vault_.
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Your seed and passphrase is needed to generate your private keys for all of your Accounts, the pin is only needed to unlock the device itself, like on a mobile phone.
Public key is just the Account address and the private keys are needed to authorise a transaction.
The correct private key is generated (on your trezor) when you input the correctly passphrase.Correct private key is seed 12/24words + (if enabled) correct passphrase, pin isn’t needed.
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Your private key is your 12 or 24-word seedphrase. They are then hashed to create a unique hash of 64 characters that is your actual private key. We use words so that it’s easier to handle. There is no point for you to see your actual hash and it would also be unsafe. It’s well protefted within your Trezor.
Keep on digging to learn how basic cryptography works. It will help you understand why we call a blockchain a “chain”. It is a fascinating subject to explore.
Hope it helped.
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