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With respect to your public and private keys, your private key allows you to derive a public key, create addresses to receive funds to in a safe manner – and store your assets safely, however this is a one-way process, such that your public key cannot derive your private key (in some reverse manner).
Your private key is ***never*** exposed in this situation that I’m mentioning – only the public key and address that you receive your funds to is exposed (this is regardless of if you’ve sent funds in and/or out of your wallet).
In either situation of sending or receiving funds, your private key is never exposed, not to worry.