Antwort auf: Wie man die Seed-Phrase sichert
If you store an encrypted file, you’re just moving the problem, because then the question becomes: How & where to store the encryption key. There are additional issues with cloud storage that involve the continued access to your cloud storage account. What if the cloud storage provider goes out of business? Or decides to close your account because they feel you’ve violated their terms (justified or not)? Or what happens if you pass away and your next of kin need your credentials?
In theory, there are digital storage solutions that could work, assuming you prepare carefully, like using an airgapped device to handle the unencrypted data. But in practice, there are a number of complications that could tip the scales in favor of physical storage.
As for how to do physical storage. The most commonly recommended approach is to use steel or titanium as a storage medium. You can etch or stamp the seed phrase into a plate, which is cheap and reliable solution, but requires a bit more work. There are also products that allow you to compose the seed phrase using included small plates with letters already stamped onto them. This is easier to use and reusable (if you ever change your seed), but it’s more expensive and this solution may offer less protection against some extreme forms of damage.
The seed phrase should be stored at some physical distance from the actual wallet, to ensure that something like a house fire or natural disaster doesn’t destroy both wallet and seed phrase at the same time (although the use of steel already negates most risks related to that). Exactly where you store it depends on how safe you think the storage has to be and how easily you’d like to be able to access it. If you’re a long term holder, being able to access your seed rapidly is likely less of a concern than if you’re an active user.
To add redundancy to your physical storage, you can split the seed in multiple fragments using Shamir’s Secret Sharing algorithm. This allows you to create an n-of-m split where you create m fragments, while requiring n (less than or equal to m) fragments to recover the original seed. Knowledge of any number of fragments less than n doesn’t provide any advantage in brute forcing the rest if this algorithm is used. So you could use a 2-of-3 split and distribute the fragments among friends and family members, for example.
An alternative approach to redundancy is to get a second hardware wallet with the same seed. Your primary and secondary wallet are interchangeable, so in the event that one fails, the second can be used before you need to access the seed phrase. This is the approach I use: My secondary wallet is easy to get at, while my seed is stored quite far away from where I am.
Keep in mind that whatever strategy you use, you should periodically check that your wallet and seed are where you think they are and are working as you expect them to. Very few things last forever and the last thing you want is to discover that one part of your setup has failed some time ago right when you need it.